Papers, chapters and working papers

Policy learning in practice: simulation evidence and a case study of optimal allocation of subsidised health insurance

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

Statistics in Medicine accepted

Healthcare utilization and cost associated with depression among people with Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis

Yip O, Kreif N, Clayton E, Lee K

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy in press

Real-world comparative effectiveness of abiraterone, apalutamide, enzalutamide, and docetaxel doublets for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer

Nwogu IB^‡, Kreif N, Khan HM, Etzioni R, Carlson JJ

JCO Oncology Practice online ahead of print

Paper

Does increasing overall health expenditure reduce inequality in under-5 mortality rates between provinces in Indonesia?

Ochoa-Moreno I, Kreif N, Hidayat T, Kurnia S, Hidayat B, Griffin S

Health Policy and Planning, 41(7), 1242–1254

Paper

Health care resource utilization and costs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with posttransplant maintenance therapy

Kneitel R^‡, Lee K, Kreif N

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 32(8), 932–944

Paper

Exploring the heterogeneous impacts of Indonesia's conditional cash transfer scheme (PKH) on maternal health care utilisation using instrumental causal forests

Shah V^‡, Hatamyar J^‡, Hidayat T, Kreif N

Empirical Economics, 70(2), 39

Paper Preprint

Key factors behind the adoption of a patient-facing technology in primary care: a structured approach to variable importance

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Darzi A, Barahona M, Mayer E

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 26(3), 392–410

Paper

Transferability of real world evidence to support HTA recommendations in lower income European countries

Kaló Z, Petrova G, Németh B, Došenović Bonča P, Delnoij D, Bennett A, Tachkov K, Zhang Y, Kreif N, Knies S, Lipska I, Tesar T, Mitkova Z, Ponten J, Viberg A, Paveliu MS, Piniazkho O, Turcu-Stiolica A, Doležal T, Staňák M, Almadiyeva A, Hren R, Vitezić D, Petykó Z, Goettsch W, Manca A

Health Science Reports, 9(2), e71534

Paper

Estimating the causal effect of realistic treatment strategies using longitudinal observational data

Zhang Y, Bennett A, Manca A, Mittelman M, Hoeks M, Smith A, Taylor A, Stauder R, de Witte T, Malcovati L, van Marrewijk C, Kreif N

Medical Decision Making, 46(2), 144–157

Paper

The impact of physical activity on psychological distress in young people: an analysis of longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study using causal machine learning

Paton LW, Kreif N, Aylott LME, Kerrigan P, Nader C, Gega L, Tiffin PA

JCPP Advances, 6(2), e70035

Paper

Using policy learning to inform health insurance targeting: a case study of Indonesia

Shah V^‡, Jones AM, Malenica I, Hidayat T, Kreif N

Health Economics, 34(12), 2270–2296

Using Indonesian survey data, we show that assigning households to the two subsidized health insurance programs with an optimal policy rule would lower the expected risk of catastrophic health expenditure compared with the current assignment, with and without a budget constraint.

Paper

Estimating heterogeneous impacts of subsidised health insurance: a causal machine learning approach

Shah V^‡, Kreif N

PLOS One, 20(9), e0315057

Paper

Digitalisation of access to primary care: is there an equity-efficiency trade-off?

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Darzi A, Barahona M, Mayer E

Health Economics, 34(10), 1943–1962

Paper

Public policies and femicides during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from São Paulo, Brazil

Diaz MD, Pereda P, Rocha F, Oliveira P, Árabe I, Kreif N, Lordemus S, Moreno-Serra R

Economics & Human Biology, 58, 101508

Paper

Health facility quality peer effects: are financial incentives necessary?

McGuire F^‡, Santos R, Smith PC, Stacey N, Edoka I, Kreif N

Regional Science and Urban Economics, 112, 104091

Paper

Psychological distress in adolescence and later economic and health outcomes in the US population

Counts NZ, Kreif N, Creedon TB, Bloom DE

PLOS Medicine, 22(1), e1004506

Paper

Do health care quality improvement policies work for all? Distributional effects by baseline quality in South Africa

McGuire F^‡, Smith PC, Stacey N, Edoka I, Kreif N

Health Economics, 34(1), 175–199

Paper

Machine learning methods to estimate individualized treatment effects for use in health technology assessment

Zhang Y, Kreif N, GC VS, Manca A

Medical Decision Making, 44(7), 756–769

Paper

Integrating decision modeling and machine learning to inform treatment stratification

Glynn D, Giardina J, Hatamyar J^‡, Pandya A, Soares M, Kreif N

Health Economics, 33(8), 1772–1792

We combine machine learning estimates of treatment-effect heterogeneity with a decision model and show, using the SPRINT blood pressure trial, that stratifying treatment by subgroups found with policy trees can increase incremental net health benefit.

Paper

Public healthcare financing during counterinsurgency efforts: evidence from Colombia

Lordemus S, Kreif N, Moreno-Serra R

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 86(5), 1230–1259

Paper

The effect of conflict-related violence intensity and alcohol use on mental health: the case of Colombia

Salas-Ortiz A, Moreno-Serra R, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Casas G

SSM - Population Health, 25, 101626

Paper

COVID-19 and violence against women: current knowledge, gaps, and implications for public policy

Rocha F, Diaz MDM, Pereda PC, Árabe IB, Cavalcanti F, Lordemus S, Kreif N, Moreno-Serra R

World Development, 174, 106461

Paper

Estimating the health effects of expansions in health expenditure in Indonesia: a dynamic panel data approach

Moler-Zapata S^‡, Kreif N, Ochalek J, Mirelman AJ, Nadjib M, Suhrcke M

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 20(6), 881–891

Paper

Reflection on modern methods: constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with domain experts for health services research

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Lawrence-Jones A, Barahona M, Mayer E

International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(4), 1339–1348

Paper

Machine learning methods in health economics and outcomes research — the PALISADE checklist: a good practices report of an ISPOR task force

Padula WV, Kreif N, Vanness DJ, Adamson B, Rueda JD, Felizzi F, Jonsson P, IJzerman MJ, Butte A, Crown W

Value in Health, 25(7), 1063–1080

An ISPOR task force report that sets out the PALISADE checklist of good practices for using machine learning in health economics and outcomes research.

Paper

The long-run effects of diagnosis related group payment on hospital lengths of stay in a publicly funded health care system: evidence from 15 years of micro data

Aragón MJ, Chalkley M, Kreif N

Health Economics, 31(6), 956–972

Paper

Formalising triage in general practice towards a more equitable, safe, and efficient allocation of resources

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Saravanakumar K, Delaney B, Barahona M, Mayer E

BMJ, 377, e070757

Paper

Propensity score methods for comparative-effectiveness analysis: a case study of direct oral anticoagulants in the atrial fibrillation population

Ciminata G, Geue C, Wu O, Deidda M, Kreif N, Langhorne P

PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0262293

Paper

Estimating heterogeneous policy impacts using causal machine learning: a case study of health insurance reform in Indonesia

Kreif N, DiazOrdaz K, Moreno-Serra R, Mirelman A, Hidayat T, Suhrcke M

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 22(2), 192–227

Using causal forests, we find that the benefits of contributory health insurance for maternal health care and infant mortality in Indonesia were larger for poorer, less educated and rural women, and varied by region.

Paper

The impact of civil conflict on child health: evidence from Colombia

Kreif N, Mirelman A, Suhrcke M, Buitrago G, Moreno-Serra R

Economics & Human Biology, 44, 101074

Paper

The effect of distance on maternal institutional delivery choice: evidence from Malawi

McGuire F^‡, Kreif N, Smith PC

Health Economics, 30(9), 2144–2167

Paper

A light of hope? Inequalities in mental health before and after the peace agreement in Colombia: a decomposition analysis

León-Giraldo S, Casas G, Cuervo-Sánchez JS, González-Uribe C, Olmos A, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Bernal O, Moreno-Serra R

International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 39

Paper

Inequalities in catastrophic health expenditures in conflict-affected areas and the Colombian peace agreement: an Oaxaca–Blinder change decomposition analysis

León-Giraldo S, Cuervo-Sánchez JS, Casas G, González-Uribe C, Kreif N, Bernal O, Moreno-Serra R

International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 217

Paper

Facility standards and the quality of public sector primary care: evidence from South Africa's "Ideal Clinics"

Stacey N, Mirelman A, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Hofman K, Edoka I

Health Economics, 30(7), 1543–1558

Paper

From impact evaluation to decision-analysis: assessing the extent and quality of evidence on 'value for money' in health impact evaluations in low- and middle-income countries

Kreif N, Mirelman AJ, Love-Koh J, Kim S^‡, Moreno-Serra R, Revill P, Sculpher M, Suhrcke M

Gates Open Research, 5, 1

Paper

Exploiting non-systematic covariate monitoring to broaden the scope of evidence about the causal effects of adaptive treatment strategies

Kreif N, Sofrygin O, Schmittdiel JA, Adams AS, Grant RW, Zhu Z, van der Laan MJ, Neugebauer R

Biometrics, 77(1), 329–342

Using electronic health records of patients with type 2 diabetes, we show how variation in covariate monitoring can be used to evaluate joint treatment and monitoring strategies, and compare two inverse probability weighting estimators.

Paper Preprint

What next after GDP-based cost-effectiveness thresholds?

Chi YL, Blecher M, Chalkidou K, Culyer A, Claxton K, Edoka I, Glassman A, Kreif N, Jones I, Mirelman AJ, Nadjib M, Morton A, Norheim OF, Ochalek J, Prinja S, Ruiz F, Teerawattananon Y, Vassall A, Winch A

Gates Open Research, 4, 176

Paper

A comparison of methods for health policy evaluation with controlled pre-post designs

O'Neill S, Kreif N, Sutton M, Grieve R

Health Services Research, 55(2), 328–338

Paper

Data-adaptive doubly robust instrumental variable methods for treatment effect heterogeneity

DiazOrdaz K, Daniel R, Kreif N

Journal de la Société Française de Statistique, 161(1), 135–163

Paying for efficiency: incentivising same-day discharges in the English NHS

Gaughan J, Gutacker N, Grašič K, Kreif N, Siciliani L, Street A

Journal of Health Economics, 68, 102226

Paper

A framework for conducting economic evaluations alongside natural experiments

Deidda M, Geue C, Kreif N, Dundas R, McIntosh E

Social Science & Medicine, 220, 353–361

Paper

Estimating the comparative effectiveness of feeding interventions in the pediatric intensive care unit: a demonstration of longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Kreif N, Tran L, Grieve R, De Stavola B, Tasker RC, Petersen M

American Journal of Epidemiology, 186(12), 1370–1379

Paper

Estimating causal effects: considering three alternatives to difference-in-differences estimation

O’Neill S, Kreif N, Grieve R, Sutton M, Sekhon JS

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 16(1-2), 1–21

Paper

Examination of the synthetic control method for evaluating health policies with multiple treated units

Kreif N, Grieve R, Hangartner D, Turner AJ, Nikolova S, Sutton M

Health Economics, 25(12), 1514–1528

We extend the synthetic control method to policies with multiple treated units; re-analyzing a hospital pay-for-performance scheme, we find no significant reduction in mortality for the incentivized conditions, in contrast to the earlier difference-in-differences analysis.

Paper

Evaluating treatment effectiveness under model misspecification: a comparison of targeted maximum likelihood estimation with bias-corrected matching

Kreif N, Gruber S, Radice R, Grieve R, Sekhon JS

Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 25(5), 2315–2336

In simulations grounded in an evaluation of hip prostheses, bias-corrected matching had less bias but higher variance than targeted maximum likelihood estimation, and both methods performed much better with machine learning than with misspecified parametric models.

Paper

Evaluation of the effect of a continuous treatment: a machine learning approach with an application to treatment for traumatic brain injury

Kreif N, Grieve R, Díaz I, Harrison D

Health Economics, 24(9), 1213–1228

Paper

Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population

Miners A, Phillips A, Kreif N, Rodger A, Speakman A, Fisher M, Anderson J, Collins S, Hart G, Sherr L, Lampe FC

The Lancet HIV, 1(1), e32–e40

Paper

Validation of the SF-36 in patients with endometriosis

Stull DE, Wasiak R, Kreif N, Raluy M, Colligs A, Seitz C, Gerlinger C

Quality of Life Research, 23(1), 103–117

Paper

Regression-adjusted matching and double-robust methods for estimating average treatment effects in cost-effectiveness analyses

Kreif N, Grieve R, Radice R, Sekhon JS

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 13(2-4), 174–202

Paper

Overview of parametric survival analysis for health-economic applications

Ishak KJ, Kreif N, Benedict A, Muszbek N

PharmacoEconomics, 31(8), 663–675

Paper

Statistical methods for cost-effectiveness analyses that use observational data: a critical appraisal tool and review of current practice

Kreif N, Grieve R, Sadique MZ

Health Economics, 22(4), 486–500

Paper

Methods for estimating subgroup effects in cost-effectiveness analyses that use observational data

Kreif N, Grieve R, Radice R, Sadique Z, Ramsahai R, Sekhon JS

Medical Decision Making, 32(6), 750–763

Paper

Modeling survival in hepatocellular carcinoma

Muszbek N, Kreif N, Valderrama A, Benedict A, Ishak J, Ross DP

Current Medical Research and Opinion, 28(7), 1141–1153

Paper

Evaluating treatment effectiveness in patient subgroups: a comparison of propensity score methods with an automated matching approach

Radice R, Ramsahai R, Grieve R, Kreif N, Sadique Z, Sekhon JS

The International Journal of Biostatistics, 8(1)

Paper

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of sunitinib as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Spain

Calvo Aller E, Maroto P, Kreif N, González Larriba JL, López-Brea M, Castellano D, Martí B, Díaz Cerezo S

Clinical and Translational Oncology, 13(12), 869–877

Paper

Cost-effectiveness analysis of anastrozole versus tamoxifen in adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer: a health-economic analysis based on the 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial and the German health system

Lux MP, Wöckel A, Benedict A, Buchholz S, Kreif N, Harbeck N, Kreienberg R, Kaufmann M, Beckmann MW, Jonat W, Hadji P, Distler W, Raab G, Tesch H, Weyers G, Possinger K, Schneeweiss A

Onkologie, 33(4), 155–166

Paper

Quality of life and drug costs associated with switching antipsychotic medication to once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate in patients with schizophrenia

Järbrink K, Kreif N, Benedict A, Locklear J

Current Medical Research and Opinion, 25(3), 709–716

Paper

Machine learning for causal inference: opportunities and pitfalls

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance

An introduction for economists to machine learning methods for causal inference, covering what they offer and their main pitfalls.

Paper

Difference-in-differences

Powell-Jackson T, O'Neill S, Kreif N

Colbourn T, Hargreaves J, eds. Evaluating Public Health Interventions. UCL Press in press

Learning from an association analysis using propensity scores

Kreif N

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 22(12), 1088–1092

Paper

Machine learning for causal inference: estimating heterogeneous treatment effects

Shah V^‡, Kreif N, Jones AM

Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Microeconomics

Paper

Machine learning in policy evaluation: new tools for causal inference

Kreif N, DiazOrdaz K

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance

Paper

Comparative effectiveness of lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan versus cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Nwogu IB^‡, Kreif N, Khan HM, Etzioni R, Carlson JJ

Submitted to International Journal of Cancer

Depression symptoms, employment, and household economic outcomes: evidence from the MIND-ECON trial in South Africa

Lordemus S, Jacob N, Jacobs R, Suhrcke M, Kreif N, Cleary S, Myers-Franchi B, Mutyambizi-Mafunda V

Submitted to World Development

Preprint

Evaluating the effect of time-varying erythropoiesis-stimulating agents treatment policies on overall survival in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a target trial emulation within the EUMDS registry

Bennett A, Kreif N, Manca A

Submitted to Haematologica

Fast learning of optimal policy trees

Cussens J, Hatamyar J^‡, Shah V^‡, Kreif N

arXiv:2506.15435

Software

Machine learning for staggered difference-in-differences and dynamic treatment effect heterogeneity

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N, Rocha R, Huber M

arXiv:2310.11962

Policy learning with rare outcomes

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

arXiv:2302.05260

Policy learning in practice: simulation evidence and a case study of optimal allocation of subsidised health insurance

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

Statistics in Medicine accepted

Exploring the heterogeneous impacts of Indonesia's conditional cash transfer scheme (PKH) on maternal health care utilisation using instrumental causal forests

Shah V^‡, Hatamyar J^‡, Hidayat T, Kreif N

Empirical Economics, 70(2), 39

Paper Preprint

The impact of physical activity on psychological distress in young people: an analysis of longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study using causal machine learning

Paton LW, Kreif N, Aylott LME, Kerrigan P, Nader C, Gega L, Tiffin PA

JCPP Advances, 6(2), e70035

Paper

Machine learning for causal inference: opportunities and pitfalls

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance

An introduction for economists to machine learning methods for causal inference, covering what they offer and their main pitfalls.

Paper

Using policy learning to inform health insurance targeting: a case study of Indonesia

Shah V^‡, Jones AM, Malenica I, Hidayat T, Kreif N

Health Economics, 34(12), 2270–2296

Using Indonesian survey data, we show that assigning households to the two subsidized health insurance programs with an optimal policy rule would lower the expected risk of catastrophic health expenditure compared with the current assignment, with and without a budget constraint.

Paper

Estimating heterogeneous impacts of subsidised health insurance: a causal machine learning approach

Shah V^‡, Kreif N

PLOS One, 20(9), e0315057

Paper

Fast learning of optimal policy trees

Cussens J, Hatamyar J^‡, Shah V^‡, Kreif N

arXiv:2506.15435

Software

Machine learning methods to estimate individualized treatment effects for use in health technology assessment

Zhang Y, Kreif N, GC VS, Manca A

Medical Decision Making, 44(7), 756–769

Paper

Integrating decision modeling and machine learning to inform treatment stratification

Glynn D, Giardina J, Hatamyar J^‡, Pandya A, Soares M, Kreif N

Health Economics, 33(8), 1772–1792

We combine machine learning estimates of treatment-effect heterogeneity with a decision model and show, using the SPRINT blood pressure trial, that stratifying treatment by subgroups found with policy trees can increase incremental net health benefit.

Paper

Machine learning for staggered difference-in-differences and dynamic treatment effect heterogeneity

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N, Rocha R, Huber M

arXiv:2310.11962

Policy learning with rare outcomes

Hatamyar J^‡, Kreif N

arXiv:2302.05260

Machine learning methods in health economics and outcomes research — the PALISADE checklist: a good practices report of an ISPOR task force

Padula WV, Kreif N, Vanness DJ, Adamson B, Rueda JD, Felizzi F, Jonsson P, IJzerman MJ, Butte A, Crown W

Value in Health, 25(7), 1063–1080

An ISPOR task force report that sets out the PALISADE checklist of good practices for using machine learning in health economics and outcomes research.

Paper

Estimating heterogeneous policy impacts using causal machine learning: a case study of health insurance reform in Indonesia

Kreif N, DiazOrdaz K, Moreno-Serra R, Mirelman A, Hidayat T, Suhrcke M

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 22(2), 192–227

Using causal forests, we find that the benefits of contributory health insurance for maternal health care and infant mortality in Indonesia were larger for poorer, less educated and rural women, and varied by region.

Paper

Machine learning for causal inference: estimating heterogeneous treatment effects

Shah V^‡, Kreif N, Jones AM

Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Microeconomics

Paper

Data-adaptive doubly robust instrumental variable methods for treatment effect heterogeneity

DiazOrdaz K, Daniel R, Kreif N

Journal de la Société Française de Statistique, 161(1), 135–163

Machine learning in policy evaluation: new tools for causal inference

Kreif N, DiazOrdaz K

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance

Paper

Transferability of real world evidence to support HTA recommendations in lower income European countries

Kaló Z, Petrova G, Németh B, Došenović Bonča P, Delnoij D, Bennett A, Tachkov K, Zhang Y, Kreif N, Knies S, Lipska I, Tesar T, Mitkova Z, Ponten J, Viberg A, Paveliu MS, Piniazkho O, Turcu-Stiolica A, Doležal T, Staňák M, Almadiyeva A, Hren R, Vitezić D, Petykó Z, Goettsch W, Manca A

Health Science Reports, 9(2), e71534

Paper

Estimating the causal effect of realistic treatment strategies using longitudinal observational data

Zhang Y, Bennett A, Manca A, Mittelman M, Hoeks M, Smith A, Taylor A, Stauder R, de Witte T, Malcovati L, van Marrewijk C, Kreif N

Medical Decision Making, 46(2), 144–157

Paper

Evaluating the effect of time-varying erythropoiesis-stimulating agents treatment policies on overall survival in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a target trial emulation within the EUMDS registry

Bennett A, Kreif N, Manca A

Submitted to Haematologica

Reflection on modern methods: constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with domain experts for health services research

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Lawrence-Jones A, Barahona M, Mayer E

International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(4), 1339–1348

Paper

Propensity score methods for comparative-effectiveness analysis: a case study of direct oral anticoagulants in the atrial fibrillation population

Ciminata G, Geue C, Wu O, Deidda M, Kreif N, Langhorne P

PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0262293

Paper

Exploiting non-systematic covariate monitoring to broaden the scope of evidence about the causal effects of adaptive treatment strategies

Kreif N, Sofrygin O, Schmittdiel JA, Adams AS, Grant RW, Zhu Z, van der Laan MJ, Neugebauer R

Biometrics, 77(1), 329–342

Using electronic health records of patients with type 2 diabetes, we show how variation in covariate monitoring can be used to evaluate joint treatment and monitoring strategies, and compare two inverse probability weighting estimators.

Paper Preprint

Learning from an association analysis using propensity scores

Kreif N

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 22(12), 1088–1092

Paper

Estimating the comparative effectiveness of feeding interventions in the pediatric intensive care unit: a demonstration of longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Kreif N, Tran L, Grieve R, De Stavola B, Tasker RC, Petersen M

American Journal of Epidemiology, 186(12), 1370–1379

Paper

Evaluating treatment effectiveness under model misspecification: a comparison of targeted maximum likelihood estimation with bias-corrected matching

Kreif N, Gruber S, Radice R, Grieve R, Sekhon JS

Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 25(5), 2315–2336

In simulations grounded in an evaluation of hip prostheses, bias-corrected matching had less bias but higher variance than targeted maximum likelihood estimation, and both methods performed much better with machine learning than with misspecified parametric models.

Paper

Evaluation of the effect of a continuous treatment: a machine learning approach with an application to treatment for traumatic brain injury

Kreif N, Grieve R, Díaz I, Harrison D

Health Economics, 24(9), 1213–1228

Paper

Regression-adjusted matching and double-robust methods for estimating average treatment effects in cost-effectiveness analyses

Kreif N, Grieve R, Radice R, Sekhon JS

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 13(2-4), 174–202

Paper

Statistical methods for cost-effectiveness analyses that use observational data: a critical appraisal tool and review of current practice

Kreif N, Grieve R, Sadique MZ

Health Economics, 22(4), 486–500

Paper

Methods for estimating subgroup effects in cost-effectiveness analyses that use observational data

Kreif N, Grieve R, Radice R, Sadique Z, Ramsahai R, Sekhon JS

Medical Decision Making, 32(6), 750–763

Paper

Evaluating treatment effectiveness in patient subgroups: a comparison of propensity score methods with an automated matching approach

Radice R, Ramsahai R, Grieve R, Kreif N, Sadique Z, Sekhon JS

The International Journal of Biostatistics, 8(1)

Paper

Key factors behind the adoption of a patient-facing technology in primary care: a structured approach to variable importance

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Darzi A, Barahona M, Mayer E

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 26(3), 392–410

Paper

Difference-in-differences

Powell-Jackson T, O'Neill S, Kreif N

Colbourn T, Hargreaves J, eds. Evaluating Public Health Interventions. UCL Press in press

Digitalisation of access to primary care: is there an equity-efficiency trade-off?

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Darzi A, Barahona M, Mayer E

Health Economics, 34(10), 1943–1962

Paper

The long-run effects of diagnosis related group payment on hospital lengths of stay in a publicly funded health care system: evidence from 15 years of micro data

Aragón MJ, Chalkley M, Kreif N

Health Economics, 31(6), 956–972

Paper

Formalising triage in general practice towards a more equitable, safe, and efficient allocation of resources

Rodrigues D^‡, Kreif N, Saravanakumar K, Delaney B, Barahona M, Mayer E

BMJ, 377, e070757

Paper

A comparison of methods for health policy evaluation with controlled pre-post designs

O'Neill S, Kreif N, Sutton M, Grieve R

Health Services Research, 55(2), 328–338

Paper

Paying for efficiency: incentivising same-day discharges in the English NHS

Gaughan J, Gutacker N, Grašič K, Kreif N, Siciliani L, Street A

Journal of Health Economics, 68, 102226

Paper

A framework for conducting economic evaluations alongside natural experiments

Deidda M, Geue C, Kreif N, Dundas R, McIntosh E

Social Science & Medicine, 220, 353–361

Paper

Estimating causal effects: considering three alternatives to difference-in-differences estimation

O’Neill S, Kreif N, Grieve R, Sutton M, Sekhon JS

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 16(1-2), 1–21

Paper

Examination of the synthetic control method for evaluating health policies with multiple treated units

Kreif N, Grieve R, Hangartner D, Turner AJ, Nikolova S, Sutton M

Health Economics, 25(12), 1514–1528

We extend the synthetic control method to policies with multiple treated units; re-analyzing a hospital pay-for-performance scheme, we find no significant reduction in mortality for the incentivized conditions, in contrast to the earlier difference-in-differences analysis.

Paper

Does increasing overall health expenditure reduce inequality in under-5 mortality rates between provinces in Indonesia?

Ochoa-Moreno I, Kreif N, Hidayat T, Kurnia S, Hidayat B, Griffin S

Health Policy and Planning, 41(7), 1242–1254

Paper

Depression symptoms, employment, and household economic outcomes: evidence from the MIND-ECON trial in South Africa

Lordemus S, Jacob N, Jacobs R, Suhrcke M, Kreif N, Cleary S, Myers-Franchi B, Mutyambizi-Mafunda V

Submitted to World Development

Preprint

Public policies and femicides during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from São Paulo, Brazil

Diaz MD, Pereda P, Rocha F, Oliveira P, Árabe I, Kreif N, Lordemus S, Moreno-Serra R

Economics & Human Biology, 58, 101508

Paper

Health facility quality peer effects: are financial incentives necessary?

McGuire F^‡, Santos R, Smith PC, Stacey N, Edoka I, Kreif N

Regional Science and Urban Economics, 112, 104091

Paper

Do health care quality improvement policies work for all? Distributional effects by baseline quality in South Africa

McGuire F^‡, Smith PC, Stacey N, Edoka I, Kreif N

Health Economics, 34(1), 175–199

Paper

Public healthcare financing during counterinsurgency efforts: evidence from Colombia

Lordemus S, Kreif N, Moreno-Serra R

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 86(5), 1230–1259

Paper

The effect of conflict-related violence intensity and alcohol use on mental health: the case of Colombia

Salas-Ortiz A, Moreno-Serra R, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Casas G

SSM - Population Health, 25, 101626

Paper

COVID-19 and violence against women: current knowledge, gaps, and implications for public policy

Rocha F, Diaz MDM, Pereda PC, Árabe IB, Cavalcanti F, Lordemus S, Kreif N, Moreno-Serra R

World Development, 174, 106461

Paper

Estimating the health effects of expansions in health expenditure in Indonesia: a dynamic panel data approach

Moler-Zapata S^‡, Kreif N, Ochalek J, Mirelman AJ, Nadjib M, Suhrcke M

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 20(6), 881–891

Paper

The impact of civil conflict on child health: evidence from Colombia

Kreif N, Mirelman A, Suhrcke M, Buitrago G, Moreno-Serra R

Economics & Human Biology, 44, 101074

Paper

The effect of distance on maternal institutional delivery choice: evidence from Malawi

McGuire F^‡, Kreif N, Smith PC

Health Economics, 30(9), 2144–2167

Paper

A light of hope? Inequalities in mental health before and after the peace agreement in Colombia: a decomposition analysis

León-Giraldo S, Casas G, Cuervo-Sánchez JS, González-Uribe C, Olmos A, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Bernal O, Moreno-Serra R

International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 39

Paper

Inequalities in catastrophic health expenditures in conflict-affected areas and the Colombian peace agreement: an Oaxaca–Blinder change decomposition analysis

León-Giraldo S, Cuervo-Sánchez JS, Casas G, González-Uribe C, Kreif N, Bernal O, Moreno-Serra R

International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1), 217

Paper

Facility standards and the quality of public sector primary care: evidence from South Africa's "Ideal Clinics"

Stacey N, Mirelman A, Kreif N, Suhrcke M, Hofman K, Edoka I

Health Economics, 30(7), 1543–1558

Paper

From impact evaluation to decision-analysis: assessing the extent and quality of evidence on 'value for money' in health impact evaluations in low- and middle-income countries

Kreif N, Mirelman AJ, Love-Koh J, Kim S^‡, Moreno-Serra R, Revill P, Sculpher M, Suhrcke M

Gates Open Research, 5, 1

Paper

What next after GDP-based cost-effectiveness thresholds?

Chi YL, Blecher M, Chalkidou K, Culyer A, Claxton K, Edoka I, Glassman A, Kreif N, Jones I, Mirelman AJ, Nadjib M, Morton A, Norheim OF, Ochalek J, Prinja S, Ruiz F, Teerawattananon Y, Vassall A, Winch A

Gates Open Research, 4, 176

Paper

Healthcare utilization and cost associated with depression among people with Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis

Yip O, Kreif N, Clayton E, Lee K

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy in press

Real-world comparative effectiveness of abiraterone, apalutamide, enzalutamide, and docetaxel doublets for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer

Nwogu IB^‡, Kreif N, Khan HM, Etzioni R, Carlson JJ

JCO Oncology Practice online ahead of print

Paper

Health care resource utilization and costs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with posttransplant maintenance therapy

Kneitel R^‡, Lee K, Kreif N

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 32(8), 932–944

Paper

Comparative effectiveness of lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan versus cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Nwogu IB^‡, Kreif N, Khan HM, Etzioni R, Carlson JJ

Submitted to International Journal of Cancer

Psychological distress in adolescence and later economic and health outcomes in the US population

Counts NZ, Kreif N, Creedon TB, Bloom DE

PLOS Medicine, 22(1), e1004506

Paper

Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population

Miners A, Phillips A, Kreif N, Rodger A, Speakman A, Fisher M, Anderson J, Collins S, Hart G, Sherr L, Lampe FC

The Lancet HIV, 1(1), e32–e40

Paper

Validation of the SF-36 in patients with endometriosis

Stull DE, Wasiak R, Kreif N, Raluy M, Colligs A, Seitz C, Gerlinger C

Quality of Life Research, 23(1), 103–117

Paper

Overview of parametric survival analysis for health-economic applications

Ishak KJ, Kreif N, Benedict A, Muszbek N

PharmacoEconomics, 31(8), 663–675

Paper

Modeling survival in hepatocellular carcinoma

Muszbek N, Kreif N, Valderrama A, Benedict A, Ishak J, Ross DP

Current Medical Research and Opinion, 28(7), 1141–1153

Paper

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of sunitinib as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Spain

Calvo Aller E, Maroto P, Kreif N, González Larriba JL, López-Brea M, Castellano D, Martí B, Díaz Cerezo S

Clinical and Translational Oncology, 13(12), 869–877

Paper

Cost-effectiveness analysis of anastrozole versus tamoxifen in adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer: a health-economic analysis based on the 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial and the German health system

Lux MP, Wöckel A, Benedict A, Buchholz S, Kreif N, Harbeck N, Kreienberg R, Kaufmann M, Beckmann MW, Jonat W, Hadji P, Distler W, Raab G, Tesch H, Weyers G, Possinger K, Schneeweiss A

Onkologie, 33(4), 155–166

Paper

Quality of life and drug costs associated with switching antipsychotic medication to once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate in patients with schizophrenia

Järbrink K, Kreif N, Benedict A, Locklear J

Current Medical Research and Opinion, 25(3), 709–716

Paper